HIV integrase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The invention encompasses a series bicyclic pyrimidinone compounds of Formula I which inhibit HIV integrase and prevent viral integration into human DNA. This action makes the compounds useful for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating those infected with HIV.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/736,964 filed Nov. 15, 2005.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as the etiological agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a fatal disease characterized by destruction of the immune system and the inability to fight off life threatening opportunistic infections. Recent statistics (UNAIDS: Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, December 1998), indicate that as many as 33 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. In addition to the large number of individuals already infected, the virus continues to spread. Estimates from 1998 point to close to 6 million new infections in that year alone. In the same year there were approximately 2.5 million deaths associated with HIV and AIDS.

There are currently a number of antiviral drugs available to combat the infection. These drugs can be divided into three classes based on the viral protein they target and their mode of action. In particular, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir and amprenavir are competitive inhibitors of the aspartyl protease expressed by HIV. Zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine and abacavir are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that behave as substrate mimics to halt viral cDNA synthesis. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nevaripine, delavirdine and efavirenz inhibit the synthesis of viral cDNA via a non-competitive (or uncompetitive) mechanism. Used alone these drugs are effective in reducing viral replication. The effect is only temporary as the virus readily develops resistance to all known agents. However, combination therapy has proven very effective at both reducing virus and suppressing the emergence of resistance in a number of patients. In the US, where combination therapy is widely available, the number of HIV-related deaths has declined (Palella, F. J.; Delany, K. M.; Moorman, A. C.; Loveless, M. O.; Furher, J.; Satten, G. A.; Aschman, D. J.; Holmberg, S. D. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998, 338, 853-860).

Unfortunately, not all patients are responsive and a large number fail this therapy. In fact, approximately 30-50% of patients ultimately fail combination therapy. Treatment failure in most cases is caused by the emergence of viral resistance. Viral resistance in turn is caused by the rapid turnover of HIV-1 during the course of infection combined with a high viral mutation rate. Under these circumstances incomplete viral suppression caused by insufficient drug potency, poor compliance to the complicated drug regiment as well as intrinsic pharmacological barriers to exposure provides fertile ground for resistance to emerge. More disturbing are recent findings which suggest that low-level replication continues even when viral plasma levels have dropped below detectable levels (<50 copies/ml) (Carpenter, C. C.; Cooper, D. A.; Fischl, M. A.; Gatell, J. M.; Gazzard, B. G.; Hammer, S. M.; Hirsch, M. S.; Jacobsen, D. M.; Katzenstein, D. A.; Montaner, J. S.; Richman, D. D.; Saag, M. S.; Schechter, M.; Schooley, R. T.; Thompson, M. A.; Vella, S.; Yeni, P. G.; Volberding, P. A. JAMA 2000, 283, 381-390). Clearly, there is a need for new antiviral agents, preferably targeting other viral enzymes to reduce the rate of resistance and suppress viral replication even further.

HIV expresses three enzymes, reverse transcriptase, an aspartyl protease, and integrase. All three are targets for treating AIDS and HIV infection. HIV integrase catalyzes insertion of the viral cDNA into the host-bell genome, which is a critical step in the viral life cycle. HIV integrase inhibitors belonging to a class of diketo acid compounds prevented viral integration and inhibited HIV-1 replication in cells (Hazuda et al. Science 2000, 287, 646). And recently, HIV integrase inhibitors have been accepted into clinical trials for treating AIDS and HIV infection (Neamati Expert. Opin. Ther. Patents 2002, 12, 709, Pais and Burke Drugs Fut. 2002, 27, 1101).

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention encompasses compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in inhibiting HIV integrase and treating those infected with HIV or AIDS.

One aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I

wherein:

-   R¹ is (Ar¹)alkyl, (Ar¹)(CON(R⁸)(R⁹))alkyl, (Ar¹)(CO₂R¹⁴)alkyl,     (Ar¹)hydroxyallkyl, or (Ar¹)oxyalkyl; -   R² is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy; -   R³ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, cycloalkyl,     C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy,     N(R⁸)(R⁹), NHAr², N(R⁶)SO₂R⁷, N(R⁶)COR⁷, N(R⁶)CO₂R⁷, OCOR⁷, OCO₂R⁷,     OCON(R⁸)(R⁹), OCH₂CO₂R⁷, OCH₂CON(R⁸)(R⁹), COR⁶, CO₂R⁶, CON(R⁸)(R⁹),     SOR⁷, S(═N)R⁷, SO₂R⁷, SO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), PO(OR⁶)₂, C₂₋₄(R¹²)alkynyl, R¹³,     Ar², or Ar³; -   R⁴ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,     haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); -   R⁵ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,     haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); -   R⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; -   R⁷ is alkyl or cycloalkyl; -   R⁸ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or     dialkylaminoalkyl; -   R⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or     dialkylaminoalkyl; or -   N(R⁸)(R⁹) taken together is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     (R¹⁰)-piperidinyl, N—(R¹¹)-piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     thiomorpholinyl, or dioxothiazinyl; -   R¹⁰ is hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl; -   R¹¹ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, COR⁶, or CO₂R⁶; -   R¹² is hydrogen, hydroxy, N(R⁶)(R⁶), SO₂R⁷, OSO₂R⁷, or     dioxothiazinyl; -   R¹³ is azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, valerolactamyl, caprolactamyl,     maleimido, oxazolidonyl, or dioxothiazinyl, and is substituted with     0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl,     hydroxyalkyl, acetoxyalkyl, and aminoalkyl; -   R¹⁴ is hydrogen or alkyl; -   or two R¹⁴'s taken together are CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂OCH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂,     OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂,     CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, or CH₂CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂, provided that the two     R¹⁴'s are attached to a common carbon atom;

-   Ar² is tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl,     imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl,     thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl,     hydroxypyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, or indolyl, and is     substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting     of halo, cyano, benzyl, alkyl, alkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁸)(R⁹),     CO₂R⁶, CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(phenyl), and     CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(halophenyl); -   Ar³ is phenyl substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the     group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy,     alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁶)(R⁶), and     CH₂N(R⁸)(R⁹), or is dioxolanylphenyl; and -   X-Y-Z is X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂,     C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂,     C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂,     C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, or     C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂;     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I

wherein:

-   R¹ is (Ar¹)alkyl, (Ar¹)(CON(R⁸)(R⁹))alkyl, (Ar¹)(CO₂R¹⁴)alkyl,     (Ar¹)hydroxyalkyl, or (Ar¹)oxyalkyl; -   R² is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy; -   R³ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, cycloalkyl,     C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy,     N(R⁸)(R⁹), NHAr², N(R⁶)SO₂R⁷, N(R⁶)COR⁷, N(R⁶)CO₂R⁷, OCOR⁷, OCO₂R⁷,     OCON(R⁸)(R⁹), OCH₂CO₂R⁷, OCH₂CON(R⁸)(R⁹), COR⁶, CO₂R⁶, CON(R⁸)(R⁹),     SOR⁷, S(═N)R⁷, SO₂R⁷, SO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), PO(OR⁶)₂, C₂₋₄(R¹²)alkynyl, R¹³,     Ar², or Ar³; -   R⁴ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,     haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); -   R⁵ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,     haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); -   R⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; -   R⁷ is alkyl or cycloalkyl; -   R⁸ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or     dialkylaminoalkyl; -   R⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or     dialkylaminoalkyl; or -   N(R⁸)(R⁹) taken together is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,     (R¹⁰)-piperidinyl, N—(R¹¹)-piperazinyl, morpholinyl,     thiomorpholinyl, or dioxothiazinyl; -   R¹⁰ is hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl; -   R¹¹ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, COR⁶, or CO₂R⁶; -   R¹² is hydrogen, hydroxy, N(R⁶)(R⁶), SO₂R⁷, OSO₂R⁷, or     dioxothiazinyl; -   R¹³ is azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, valerolactamyl, caprolactamyl,     maleimido, oxazolidonyl, or dioxothiazinyl, and is substituted with     0-1 substituents selected from the group consisting of     hydroxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, and aminomethyl; -   R¹⁴ is hydrogen or alkyl; -   or two R¹⁴'s taken together are CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂OCH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂,     OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂,     CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂, N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂,     CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, or CH₂CH₂N(R⁶)CH₂CH₂CH₂, provided that the two     R¹⁴'s are attached to a common carbon atom;

-   Ar² is tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl,     imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl,     thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl,     hydroxypyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, or indolyl, and is     substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting     of halo, cyano, benzyl, alkyl, alkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁸)(R⁹),     CO₂R⁶, CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(phenyl), and     CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(halophenyl); -   Ar³ is phenyl substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the     group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy,     alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁶)(R⁶), and     CH₂N(R⁸)(R⁹), or is dioxolanylphenyl; and -   X-Y-Z is X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂,     C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂,     C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂,     C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, or     C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂;     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R¹ is (Ar¹)alkyl.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R¹ is

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R¹ is

and R³ is other than hydrogen or halo.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R² is hydrogen.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R³ is N(R⁸)(R⁹), N(R⁶)COR⁷, OCON(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁸)(R⁹), SOR⁷, SO₂R⁷, SO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), PO(OR⁶)₂, R¹³, or Ar².

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R³ is R¹³.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R³ is Ar².

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where Ar² is tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl, and is substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkyl.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂CH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂CH₂CH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂CH₂, or C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂CH₂CH₂.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂CH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂CH₂CH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂CH₂, or C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, and R¹⁴ is other than hydrogen.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I according to one of the following structures.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I according to one of the following structures.

and R¹⁴ is other than hydrogen.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R¹⁴ is methyl.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where two R¹⁴'s taken together are CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂, or CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂, provided that the two R¹⁴'s are attached to a common carbon.

For a compound of Formula I, any scope of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁴, Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and X-Y-Z can be used independently with any scope of any other substituent. Each instance of a variable is independent of another instance.

Unless specified otherwise, these terms have the following meanings. “Alkyl” means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 1 to 6 carbons. “Alkenyl” means a straight or branched alkenyl group composed of 2 to 6 carbons with at least one double bond. “Cycloalkyl” means a monocyclic ring system composed of 3 to 7 carbons. “Hydroxyalkyl,” “alkoxy” and other terms with a substituted alkyl moiety include straight and branched isomers composed of 1 to 6 carbon atoms for the alkyl moiety. “Haloalkyl” and “haloalkoxy” include all halogenated isomers from monohalo substituted alkyl to perhalo substituted alkyl. “Aryl” includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic substituents. Parenthetic and multiparenthetic terms are intended to clarify bonding relationships to those skilled in the art. For example, a term such as ((R)alkyl) means an alkyl substituent further substituted with the substituent R.

“(Ar¹)oxyalkyl” means Ar¹ is attached at the oxygen.

“Dioxolanyphenyl” means

“Dioxothiazinyl” means

The invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those in which the counter ions do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. These salts can be made according to common organic techniques employing commercially available reagents. Some anionic salt forms include acetate, acistrate, besylate, bromide, chloride, citrate, fumarate, glucouronate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, iodide, lactate, maleate, mesylate, nitrate, pamoate, phosphate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate, and xinofoate. Some cationic salt forms include ammonium, aluminum, benzathine, bismuth, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diethanolamine, lithium, magnesium, meglumine, 4-phenylcyclohexylamine, piperazine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc.

Some of the compounds of the invention exist in stereoisomeric forms. The invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds including enantiomers and diastereomers. An example of enantiomers is shown below. Methods of making and separating stereoisomers are known in the art.

The invention includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds. An example of a tautomeric pair is shown below.

Synthetic Methods

The compounds of this invention can be made by various methods known in the art including those of the following schemes and in the specific, embodiments section. The variable numbering and structure numbering shown in the synthetic schemes are distinct from, and should not be confused with, the variables or structure numbering in the claims or the rest of the specification. The variables in the schemes are meant only to illustrate how to make some of the compounds of this invention.

Some compounds can be synthesized from an appropriately substituted heterocycle I-1 according to Scheme I, where R_(a) and P can serve as protecting groups (see Greene, T. W. and Wutz, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, 1991, John Wiley and Sons, New York). When P is benzyl or substituted benzyl it can be removed by hydrogenolysis (H₂—Pd/C) or acid hydrolysis (trifluoroacetic acid) to yield intermediate I-2. I-2 can be transaminated to I-4 by reaction with amine I-3. In a number of cases this reaction can be carried out by heating I-3 and I-2 together in the presence of base. Alternatively, standard amide coupling reagents can be used to effect the formation of the amide bond. When R_(a) is a lower alkyl group, R_(a) can be removed under ester hydrolysis conditions, such as treatment with NaOH, LiOH, or KOH to deliver the corresponding carboxylic acid I-5. Alternatively, R_(a) can be removed by nucleophilic displacement using NaI. When R_(a) is benzyl and substituted benzyl, R_(a) can be removed by hydrogenolysis. Intermediate I-5 can be coupled using amide bond forming reagents such as BOP, DCC, EDCI, PyBrop, PyBop or other reagents (see March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition 1992 John Wiley & Sons, New York). The resulting intermediate I-6 can be deprotected as described for intermediate I-1.

In Scheme II, intermediate II-3 can be prepared using methods similar to those described in Sunderland, J. S.; Botta, M.; Aime, S.; Raymond, K. N. Inorg. Chem. (2001), 40, 6756-6756, where II-1 and II-2 are condensed, to provide intermediate II-3. This reaction is usually conducted in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride (NaH), sodium ethoxide (EtONa) or lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS). Using the methods described in the reference, II-3 can be condensed with an appropriately substituted amidine II-4 to form II-5. Substituent B can be a leaving group, such as -halo (Cl, Br or I) or can be converted to a leaving group under appropriate conditions such as by forming the corresponding methylsulfonate ester. When substituent B is a methyl sulphide group it can be treated with iodomethane to form a dimethylsulfonium intermediate which is activated towards nucleophilic attack to effect ring closure.

In Scheme III, intermediate II-3 can be condensed with a cyclic-amidine to yield intermediate I-1. Intermediate III-1 can be prepared using known methods (see Patai, S. and Rappoport, Z. The Chemistry of Amidines and Imidates, Volume 2, 1991, John Wiley & Sons, New York).

In Scheme IV, nitrile IV-1, possessing a potential leaving group B, can be reacted with hydroxylamine to form intermediate IV-2. This intermediate can be reacted with a suitably protected alkyne to form IV-3 which can rearrange to from intermediate IV-4 according to literature methods (Culbertson, T. P. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1979, 16, 1423-1424).

Another method is illustrated in Scheme V. This synthetic path begins with an appropriately substituted ketone which can be transformed to the corresponding nitrile intermediate V-1. This in turn can be reacted with 2-mercaptoethanol followed by thionyl chloride to produce compound V-2, which can be reacted with hydroxylamine and an acetylene dicarboxylate ester to yield intermediate V-4. Heating of the intermediate can yield intermediate V-5. Synthesis of the corresponding amide derivatives can be accomplished according to Scheme I.

In Scheme VI, bicyclic intermediate VI-1, prepared according to the methods described above, can be saponified using well known methods. The resulting carboxylic acid, VI-3, can then be coupled to amine VI-2 using standard amide bond forming reagents and methods. Removal of the benzyl group, by hydrogenolysis or acid mediated hydrolysis provides the final products.

An alternative route to compounds similar to those presented in Scheme VI is given in Scheme VII. In this scheme the ester group of VII-1 can be hydrolyzed and the resulting carboxylic acid coupled to methyl 2-(aminomethyl)-5-fluorobenzoate. A second hydrolysis reaction can produce VII-4 which can be coupled with a second amine. This is followed by removal of the benzyl group to provide the final products.

In yet another method, Scheme VIII illustrates the synthesis of sulfonamide containing examples, starting from 5-fluoro-2-methylbenzen-1-sulfonyl chloride.

Further illustration of methods used for the synthesis of certain compounds of the invention is shown in Scheme IX. Methylation of 5-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-1H-tetrazole can yield a mixture of IX-1 and IX-2 that can be separated and each of the compounds carried on to the corresponding final products.

Some examples of the invention can be synthesized according to the methods illustrated in Schemes X-XIV.

Some Formula I compounds can be made according to Schemes XV-XIX.

Biological Methods

HIV-Integrase Inhibition Activity. To evaluate in-vitro activity against HIV-integrase, 5 pmole of biotin labeled substrate DNA was bound to 100 μg of Streptavidin coated PVT SPA beads (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Recombinant integrase (0.26 ng) was incubated with the beads for 90 min at 37° C. Unbound enzyme was removed by washing the complex followed by addition of inhibitors and 0.1 fmol of P33 labeled target DNA. The reaction was stopped by adding EDTA to a final concentration of 10 mM. Samples were counted in TopCountNXT (Packard) and the CPM was used as a measure of integration. The reaction condition was as described in A. Engelman and R. Craigie, J. Virol. 69, 5908-5911 (1995). The sequences of substrate and target DNA were described in Nucleic Acid Research 22, 1121-1122 (1994). Results are shown in the Table 1. Activity equal to A refers to a compound having IC₅₀=0.002 to 0.10 μM while B and C denote compounds having IC₅₀=0.1 to 1.0 μM and IC₅₀≧1.0 μM respectively.

TABLE 1 Example Activity 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 A 19 A 20 A 21 A 22 A 23 A 24 A 25 A 26 A 27 A 28 A 29 A

Inhibition of HIV replication. A recombinant NL-Rluc virus was constructed in which a section of the nef gene from NL4-3 was replaced with the Renilla Luciferase gene. The NL-RLuc virus was prepared by co-transfection of two plasmids, pNLRLuc and pVSVenv. The pNLRLuc contains the NL-Rluc DNA cloned into pUC18 at the PvuII site, while the pVSVenv contains the gene for VSV G protein linked to an LTR promoter. Transfections were performed at a 1:3 ratio of pNLRLuc to pVSVenv on 293T cells using the LipofectAMINE PLUS kit from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.) according to manufactures instruction, and the pseudotype virus generated was titered in MT-2 cells.

Susceptibility of viruses to compounds was determined by incubation in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound. The 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) was calculated by using the exponential form of the median effect equation where (Fa)=1/[1+(ED₅₀/drug conc.)^(m)] (Johnson V A, Byington R T. Infectivity Assay. In Techniques in HIV Research. ed. Aldovini A, Walker B D. 71-76. New York: Stockton Press. 1990). The anti-viral activity of compounds was evaluated under three serum conditions, 10% FBS, 15 mg/ml human serum albumin/10% FBS or 40% human serum/5% FBS, and the results from at least 2 experiments were used to calculate the EC₅₀ values. Results are shown in the Table 2. Activity equal to A refers to a compound having EC₅₀=0.003 to 0.10 μM while B and C denote compounds with EC₅₀=0.1 to 1.0 μM and EC₅₀≧1.0 μM respectively.

TABLE 2 Example Activity 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 B 9 B 10 B 11 C 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 B 19 A 20 A 21 C 22 A 23 A 24 A 25 A 26 A 27 A 28 A 29 —

Pharmaceutical Composition and Methods of Use

The compounds of this invention inhibit HIV integrase. HIV integrase inhibitors belonging to a class of diketo acid compounds prevented viral integration and inhibited HIV-1 replication in cells (Hazuda et al. Science 2000, 287, 646). Recently, HIV integrase inhibitors have been accepted into clinical trials for treating AIDS and HIV infection (Neamati Expert. Opin. Ther. Patents 2002, 12, 709, Pais and Burke Drugs Fut. 2002, 27, 1101).

Accordingly, another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from the group consisting of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV protease inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the HIV protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and fosamprenavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV fusion inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV attachment inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CCR5 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CCR5 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Sch-C, Sch-D, TAK-220, PRO-140, and UK-427,857, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CXCR4 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-3100, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV budding or maturation inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the budding or maturation inhibitor is PA-457, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV integrase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from the group consisting of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the nucleoside HIV transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV protease inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the HIV protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and fosamprenavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV fusion inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition method wherein the HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV attachment inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a CCR5 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the CCR5 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Sch-C, Sch-D, TAK-220, PRO-140, and UK-427,857, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CXCR4 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-3100 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV budding or maturation inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the budding or maturation inhibitor is PA-457, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV integrase inhibitor.

“Combination,” “coadministration,” “concurrent,” and similar terms referring to the administration of a compound of Formula I with at least one anti-HIV agent mean that the components are part of a combination antiretroviral therapy or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

“Therapeutically effective” means the amount of agent required to provide a meaningful patient benefit as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection. In general, the goals of treatment are suppression of viral load, restoration and preservation of immunologic function, improved quality of life, and reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality.

“Patient” means a person infected with the HIV virus and suitable for therapy as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

“Treatment,” “therapy,” “regimen,” “HIV infection,” “ARC,” “AIDS” and related terms are used as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

The compounds of this invention are generally given as pharmaceutical compositions comprised of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and may contain conventional excipients. A therapeutically effective amount is that which is needed to provide a meaningful patient benefit. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those conventionally known carriers having acceptable safety profiles. Compositions encompass all common solid and liquid forms including capsules, tablets, losenges, and powders as well as liquid suspensions, syrups, elixers, and solutions. Compositions are made using common formulation techniques, and conventional excipients (such as binding and wetting agents) and vehicles (such as water and alcohols) are generally used for compositions.

Solid compositions are normally formulated in dosage units and compositions providing from about 1 to 1000 mg of the active ingredient per dose are preferred. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 0.25-1000 mg/unit.

Liquid compositions are usually in dosage unit ranges. Generally, the liquid composition will be in a unit dosage range of 1-100 mg/mL. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 1-100 mg/mL.

The invention encompasses all conventional modes of administration; oral and parenteral methods are preferred. Generally, the dosing regimen will be similar to other antiretroviral agents used clinically. Typically, the daily dose will be 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily. Generally, more compound is required orally and less parenterally. The specific dosing regime, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.

The invention also encompasses methods where the compound is given in combination therapy. That is, the compound can be used in conjunction with, but separately from, other agents useful in treating AIDS and HIV infection. Some of these agents include HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV cell fusion inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, budding and maturation inhibitors, immunomodulators, and anti-infectives. In these combination methods, the compound of Formula I will generally be given in a daily dose of 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily in conjunction with other agents. The other agents generally will be given in the amounts used therapeutically. The specific dosing regime, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.

Table 4 lists some agents useful in treating AIDS and HIV infection which are suitable for this invention.

TABLE 4 DRUG NAME MANUFACTURER INDICATION ANTIVIRALS 097 Hoechst/Bayer HIV infection, AIDS, (non-nucleoside ARC reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Amprenavir Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, 141 W94 ARC GW 141 (protease inhibitor) Abacavir (1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, GW 1592 ARC (RT inhibitor) Acemannan Carrington Labs ARC (Irving, TX) Acyclovir Burroughs Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, in combination with AZT AD-439 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC AD-519 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Adefovir dipivoxil Gilead Sciences HIV infection, ARC, AL-721 Ethigen PGL HIV positive, (Los Angeles, CA) AIDS Alpha Interferon Glaxo Wellcome Kaposi's sarcoma HIV in combination w/Retrovir Ansamycin Adria Laboratories ARC LM 427 (Dublin, OH) Erbamont (Stamford, CT) Antibody which Advanced Biotherapy AIDS, ARC Neutralizes pH Concepts Labile alpha aberrant (Rockville, MD) Interferon AR177 Aronex Pharm HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Beta-fluoro-ddA Nat'l Cancer Institute AIDS-associated diseases BMS-232623 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, AIDS, (CGP-73547) Novartis ARC (protease inhibitor) BMS-234475 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, AIDS, (CGP-61755) Novartis ARC (protease inhibitor) CI-1012 Warner-Lambert HIV-1 infection Cidofovir Gilead Science CMV retinitis, herpes, papillomavirus Curdlan sulfate AJI Pharma USA HIV infection Cytomegalovirus MedImmune CMV retinitis Immune globin Cytovene Syntex Sight threatening Ganciclovir CMV peripheral, CMV retinitis Delaviridine Pharmacia-Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, (RT inhibitor) ARC Dextran Sulfate Ueno Fine Chem. AIDS, ARC, HIV Ind. Ltd. (Osaka, positive asymptomatic Japan) ddC Hoffman-La Roche HIV infection, AIDS, Dideoxycytidine ARC ddI Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Dideoxyinosine ARC; combinationwith AZT/d4T DMP-450 AVID HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) (Camden, NJ) ARC Efavirenz DuPont Merck HIV infection, AIDS, (DMP 266) ARC (-)6-Chloro-4-(S)- cyclopropylethynyl- 4(S)-trifluoro- methyl-1,4-dihydro- 2H-3,1-benzoxazin- 2-one, STOCRINE (non-nucleoside RT inhibitor) EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV infection (Gainesville, GA) Famciclovir Smith Kline herpes zoster, herpes simplex FTC Emory University HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse ARC transcriptase inhibitor) GS 840 Gilead HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse ARC transcriptase inhibitor) HBY097 Hoechst Marion HIV infection, AIDS, (non-nucleoside Roussel ARC reverse transcriptaseinhibitor) Hypericin VIMRx Pharm. HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Recombinant Human Triton Biosciences AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma, Interferon Beta (Almeda, CA) ARC Interferon alfa-n3 Interferon Sciences ARC, AIDS Indinavir Merck HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, asymptomatic HIV positive, also in combination with AZT/ddI/ddC ISIS 2922 ISIS Pharmaceuticals CMV retinitis KNI-272 Nat'l Cancer Institute HIV-associated diseases Lamivudine, 3TC Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse ARC, also with AZT transcriptase inhibitor) Lobucavir Bristol-Myers Squibb CMV infection Nelfinavir Agouron HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) Pharmaceuticals ARC Nevirapine Boeheringer HIV infection, AIDS, (RT inhibitor) Ingleheim ARC Novapren Novaferon Labs, Inc. HIV inhibitor (Akron, OH) Peptide T Peninsula Labs AIDS Octapeptide (Belmont, CA) Sequence Trisodium Astra Pharm. CMV retinitis, HIV Phosphonoformate Products, Inc. infection, other CMV infections PNU-140690 Pharmacia Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) ARC Probucol Vyrex HIV infection, AIDS RBC-CD4 Sheffield Med. HIV infection, AIDS, Tech (Houston, TX) ARC Ritonavir Abbott HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) ARC Saquinavir Hoffmann- HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) LaRoche ARC Stavudine; d4T Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Didehydrodeoxy- ARC thymidine Valaciclovir Glaxo Wellcome Genital HSV & CMV infections Virazole Viratek/ICN asymptomatic HIV- Ribavirin (Costa Mesa, CA) positive, LAS, ARC VX-478 Vertex HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Zalcitabine Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, with AZT Zidovudine; AZT Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, Kaposi's sarcoma, in combination with other therapies Tenofovir disoproxil, Gilead HIV infection, AIDS fumarate salt (Viread ®) (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Combivir ® GSK HIV infection, AIDS (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) abacavir succinate GSK HIV infection, AIDS (or Ziagen ®) (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Reyataz ® Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS (atazanavir) Fuzeon Roche/Trimeris HIV infection, AIDS, (Enfuvirtide, T-20) viral fusion inhibitor Trizivir ® HIV infection, AIDS Kaletra ® Abbott HIV infection, AIDS, ARC IMMUNOMODULATORS AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst AIDS Bropirimine Pharmacia Upjohn Advanced AIDS Acemannan Carrington Labs, Inc. AIDS, ARC (Irving, TX) CL246, 738 American Cyanamid AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma Lederle Labs EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV infection (Gainesville, GA) FP-21399 Fuki ImmunoPharm Blocks HIV fusion with CD4+ cells Gamma Interferon Genentech ARC, in combination w/TNF (tumor necrosis factor) Granulocyte Genetics Institute AIDS Macrophage Colony Sandoz Stimulating Factor Granulocyte Hoechst-Roussel AIDS Macrophage Colony Immunex Stimulating Factor Granulocyte Schering-Plough AIDS, combination Macrophage Colony w/AZT Stimulating Factor HIV Core Particle Rorer Seropositive HIV Immunostimulant IL-2 Cetus AIDS, in combination Interleukin-2 w/AZT IL-2 Hoffman-LaRoche AIDS, ARC, HIV, in Interleukin-2 Immunex combination w/AZT IL-2 Chiron AIDS, increase in CD4 Interleukin-2 cell counts (aldeslukin) Immune Globulin Cutter Biological Pediatric AIDS, in Intravenous (Berkeley, CA) combination w/AZT (human) IMREG-1 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's (New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL IMREG-2 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's (New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL Imuthiol Diethyl Merieux Institute AIDS, ARC Dithio Carbamate Alpha-2 Schering Plough Kaposi's sarcoma Interferon w/AZT, AIDS Methionine- TNI Pharmaceutical AIDS, ARC Enkephalin (Chicago, IL) MTP-PE Ciba-Geigy Corp. Kaposi's sarcoma AIDS, Muramyl-Tripeptide Amgen in combination w/AZT Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Remune Immune Response Immunotherapeutic Corp. rCD4 Genentech AIDS, ARC Recombinant Soluble Human CD4 rCD4-IgG AIDS, ARC hybrids Recombinant Biogen AIDS, ARC Soluble Human CD4 Interferon Hoffman-La Roche Kaposi's sarcoma, Alfa 2a in combination w/AZT AIDS, ARC SK&F106528 Smith Kline HIV infection Soluble T4 Thymopentin Immunobiology HIV infection Research Institute (Annandale, NJ) Tumor Necrosis Genentech ARC, in combination Factor; TNF w/gamma Interferon ANTI-INFECTIVES Clindamycin with Pharmacia Upjohn PCP Primaquine Fluconazole Pfizer Cryptococcal meningitis, candidiasis Pastille Squibb Corp. Prevention of oral Nystatin Pastille candidiasis Ornidyl Merrell Dow PCP Eflornithine Pentamidine LyphoMed PCP treatment Isethionate (IM & IV) (Rosemont, IL) Trimethoprim Antibacterial Trimethoprim/sulfa Antibacterial Piritrexim Burroughs Wellcome PCP treatment Pentamidine Fisons Corporation PCP prophylaxis Isethionate for Inhalation Spiramycin Rhone-Poulenc Cryptosporidial diarrhea Intraconazole- Janssen-Pharm. Histoplasmosis; R51211 cryptococcal meningitis Trimetrexate Warner-Lambert PCP Daunorubicin NeXstar, Sequus Kaposi's sarcoma Recombinant Human Ortho Pharm. Corp. Severe anemia assoc. Erythropoietin with AZT therapy Recombinant Human Serono AIDS-related wasting, Growth Hormone cachexia Megestrol Acetate Bristol-Myers Squibb Treatment of anorexia assoc. W/AIDS Testosterone Alza, Smith Kline AIDS-related wasting Total Enteral Norwich Eaton Diarrhea and Nutrition Pharmaceuticals malabsorption related to AIDS

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

To a solution of 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile (10 g, 72 mmol) dissolved in THF (20 mL), and DMF (40 mL) was added 1,2,4-triazole sodium derivative (6.3 g, 70 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 3 h, filtered and concentrated. The residue was adsorbed onto Silica gel and purified by flash chromatography eluting with 0%-10%-30% EtOAc/hexanes to give intermediate 1 as colorless needles (2.46 g, 18%) and intermediate 2 was obtained as a white solid (0.7455 g, 6%).

Intermediate 1

4-Fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 8.89 (1H, s), 8.19 (1H, s), 7.85 (1H, dd, J=8.7, 5.6 Hz), 7.60 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 7.28-7.24 (1H, m). LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₉H₆N₄F: 189.05. found: 189.13.

Intermediate 2

4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 8.66 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 7.79 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 6.7 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=9.5, 1.8 Hz), 7.65-7.63 (1H, m). LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₉H₆N₄F: 189.05. found: 189.13.

(4-Fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride: Intermediate 1 (2.46 g, 13.13 mmol) was dissolved in hot ethanol (150 mL). Aqueous HCl (15 mL, 1N) was added followed by 10% Pd/C (200 mg). The mixture was shaken under H₂ at 55 psi for 4 h., filtered over celite and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous phase was lyophilized to give intermediate 3 as a white powder (2.96 g, 99%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.51 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s), 7.85 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 5.8 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 7.49 (1H, td, J=8.3, 2.4 Hz), 4.20 (2H, s). LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₉H₁₀N₄F: 193.08. found: 193.16.

(4-Fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride: Intermediate 4 was prepared (79% yield) following the procedure for intermediate 3 using intermediate 2. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.25 (1H, s), 8.46 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 5.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 7.44 (1H, td, J=8.3, 2.6 Hz), 4.17 (2H, s). LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₉H₁₀N₄F: 193.08. found: 193.16.

A solution of 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile (7.07 g, 50.8 mmol) and 3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (4.22 g, 50.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (45 ml) was treated with powdered anhydrous potassium carbonate (10 g) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 18 h. The solid was then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The mixture containing the 2 and 4-triazolyl-benzonitriles was purified by a combination of chromatography on silica gel (elution gradient of ethyl acetate in hexane) and on reversed phase silica gel to give 1.86 g (18% yield) of Intermediate 5 and 0.526 g (5% yield) of Intermediate 6.

Intermediate 5

4-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile: White crystals (ethyl acetate/hexanes); mp 117-118° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 8.82 (1H, s), 7.84 (1H, dd, J=5.6, 8.6 Hz), 7.62 (1H, dd, J=2.5, 9.1 Hz), 7.24 (1H, m), 2.54 (3H, s). Anal. Calcd for C₁₀H₇FN₄: C, 59.40; H, 3.49; N, 27.71. found: C, 59.25; H, 3.32; N, 27.81.

Intermediate 6

4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile: White crystals (ethyl acetate-hexane); mp 120-121° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 8.06 (1H, s), 7.91 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 8.6 Hz), 7.39 (1H, m), 7.30 (1H, dd, J=2.5, 8.1 Hz), 2.56 (3H, s). Anal. Calcd for C₁₀H₇FN₄: C, 59.4; H, 3.49; N, 27.71. found: C, 59.35; H, 3.70; N, 27.77.

(4-Fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride salt. Hydrogenation of intermediate 5 (0.680 g, 3.36 mmol) gave 0.720 g (88% yield) of the title hydrochloride salt as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.00 (1H, s), 7.84 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 9.1 Hz), 7.62 (1H, dd, J=2.8, 9.3 Hz), 7.50 (1H, m), 4.02 (2H, m), 2.40 (3H, s). HRMS calcd for C₁₀H₁₂FN₄ [M+H]: 207.1046. found: 207.1047.

(4-Fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride salt. Hydrogenation of intermediate 6 (0.244 g, 1.20 mmol) gave 0.290 g (100% yield) of the title hydrochloride salt as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.22 (1H, s), 7.90 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.67 (1H, dd, J=2.8, 9.3 Hz), 7.58 (1H, m), 3.78 (2H, m), 2.42 (3H, s). HRMS calcd for C₁₀H₁₂FN₄ [M+H]: 207.1046. found: 207.1041.

2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)acetonitrile: To a stirred solution of 2-mercaptoethanol (17.53 mL, 250 mmol) in THF (120 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (41.5 g, 300 mmol) followed by chloroacetonitrile (17.0 mL, 270 mmol). After 48 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL), filtered through a plug of celite and concentrated to give dark red oil (26.67 g, 91%) which was used in the subsequent step without purification. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.91 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 3.40 (2H, s), 2.94 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 2.00 (1H, br s).

Ethyl 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylate: A mixture of intermediate 9 (14.79 g, 126 mmol) and 50% aqueous hydroxylamine (7.65 mL, 125 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 h. Then, cooled in an ice-water bath and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (20 mL, 125 mmol) was added over 10 minutes. After 2 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting dark residue was taken up in EtOAc (200 mL), washed successively with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), and dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to afford yellow oil which was used in the next step.

A solution of above yellow oil in xylenes (200 mL) was heated at reflux for 15 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and extracted with 0.5 M aq. Na₂CO₃ (3×40 mL). The combined extracts were washed with EtOAc (50 mL), acidified with conc. HCl and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×50 mL). The combined CH₂Cl₂ extracts dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give dark solid (6.81 g).

To a stirred solution of above dark solid (6.81 g, ˜24.8 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (5.8 mL, 75 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at 0° C. was added Et₃N (11 mL, 78.6 mmol) over 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h while allowing it to warm to ambient temperature. After 1 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), washed with water (2×50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to afford dark paste.

The above dark paste (7.6 g) was dissolved in 2:1 THF/EtOH (150 mL) and treated with K₂CO₃ (2.07 g, 15 mmol). After stirring for 48 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was taken up in water (100 mL), neutralized with conc. HCl and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5×50 mL). The combined CH₂Cl₂ dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give dark brown paste which was stirred with EtONa (15 mmol) in EtOH for 5 h at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting residue was taken up in water (100 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The organic extracts were discarded and aq. layer acidified with conc. HCl and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5×50 mL). The combined CH₂Cl₂ extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give dark paste (1.3866 g, 4.3%, 80% pure) which was used in the next step without further purification. LRMS (M+H) calcd for 257.06. found: 257.12.

Example 1

N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide: A solution of intermediate 10 (0.213 g, 0.831 mmol), 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.23 mL, 2 mmol) and Et₃N (0.28 mL, 2 mmol) in DMF/EtOH (1:1, 5 mL) was heated at 110° C. in a sealed vial for 2 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as white solid (0.076 g, 27%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.14 (1H, s), 7.87 (1H, br s), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.04 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.57 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.42 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 3.65 (2H, s), 3.04 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₅H₁₅FN₃O₃S: 336.0818. found: 336.0811. Anal calcd for C₁₅H₁₄FN₃O₃S: C, 53.72; H, 4.20; N, 12.53. found: C, 53.52; H, 4.10; N, 12.37.

Ethyl 3-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-4,6,7,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylate: A mixture of intermediate 9 (16.6 g, 141.675 mmol) and 50% aqueous hydroxylamine (18.4 mL, 300 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was stirred room temperature for 48 h and heated at 50° C. for 1 h. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated to remove EtOH and the residue was freeze dried to afford white powder. This was dissolved in EtOH/H₂O (1:2, 200 mL), cooled in an ice-water bath and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (20 mL, 125 mmol) was added over 10 minutes. After 2 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture concentrated and the resulting turbid residue was taken up in EtOAc (200 mL), washed successively with water (2×75 mL) and brine (50 mL), and dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to afford yellow oil.

A solution of above yellow oil in xylenes (1.0 Lit.) was heated at reflux for 6 h. Then, the reaction dark mixture was cooled and concentrated to give dark solid. This solid was dissolved into 0.33 N aq. NaOH (450 mL), filtered and freeze dried to give black powder.

To a stirred slurry of above black powder in DMF (250 mL) was added methanesulfonylchloride (15.4 mL, 200 mmol), cooled in an ice-water bath and treated with Et₃N (28 mL, 200 mmol). After 4 h at room temperature, DMF was removed under vacuo and the resulting residue was triturated with THF (250 mL), filtered and concentrated to afford black paste.

A mixture of above black paste and K₂CO₃ (13.8 g, 100 mmol) in DMF/EtOH (1:1, 200 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 4 h. To this was carefully added benzyl bromide (8.92 mL, 75 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (7 g, 50 mmol) and stirred additional 16 h at 70° C. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting residue was taken up in EtOAc (250 mL), washed with water (3×50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give dark paste. Flash chromatography on silica gel column using mixtures of 30-60% EtOAc/Hex provided title compound as an orange paste. Crystallization from Et₂O/Hex gave product as a white solid (2.8764 g, 5.86%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.48-7.46 (2H, m), 7.37-7.30 (3H, m), 5.27 (2H, s), 4.40 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 4.35 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.77 (2H, s), 3.07 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₉N₂O₄S: 347.1066. found: 347.1080.

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylic acid, 4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)-, ethyl ester, 8,8-dioxide: To a stirred solution of intermediate 11 (2.764 g, 7.9792 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) was added mCPBA (57-86%, 4.266 g, 17.55 mmol) over 5 min and stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. Then, saturated aq. NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and aq. 10% Na₂S₂O₃ solution (10 mL) were added and stirred for additional 20 min. Then, the reaction mixture was transferred to separatory funnel and aq, layer discarded. The organic layer washed with saturated aq. NaHCO₃ (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give yellow residue which was triturated with ether/CH₂Cl₂ and filtered to provide product as white solid (2.6933 g, 89%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.46-7.44 (2H, m), 7.38-7.32 (3H, m), 5.31 (2H, s), 4.72 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 4.47 (2H, s), 4.34 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.49 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₉N₂O₆S: 379.0964. found: 379.0974.

Example 2

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide: A solution of intermediate 12 (0.0567 g, 0.15 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was stirred for 1.5 h at room temperature and then concentrated to give white solid. The solid was added 4-fluorobenzyl amine (0.125 g, 1 mmol), Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol), EtOH (5 mL) and stirred at 90° C. for 24 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and purified preparative HPLC using MeOH/H₂O as eluent to afford product as white solid (0.0463 g, 84%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.52 (1H, s), 7.74 (1H, br s), 7.33-7.30 (2H, m), 7.06 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.75 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 4.57 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.37 (2H, s), 3.49 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₅H₁₅FN₃O₅S: 368.0716. found: 378.0704. Anal calcd for C₁₅H₁₄FN₃O₅S: C, 49.04; H, 3.84; N, 11.43. found: C, 49.17; H, 3.59; N, 11.20.

To a stirred yellow mixture of intermediate 12 (0.3784 g, 1 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.6516 g, 2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at room temperature was added methyl iodide (0.16 mL, 2.5 mmol). After 6 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O (50 mL), washed with 1N aq. HCl (10 mL), water (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give yellow residue. Flash chromatographic purification on silica gel column using 3:7 EtOAc/Hex followed by 2:3 EtOAc/Hex provided intermediates 13 and 14.

Intermediate 13

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylic acid, 4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)-, ethyl ester, 8,8-dioxide: White solid (0.2765 g, 68%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.46 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.38-7.31 (3H, m), 5.27 (2H, s), 4.60 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.33 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 1.82 (6H, s), 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₈H₂₁N₂O₆S: 393.1120. found: 393.1129.

Intermediate 14

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylic acid, 4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)-, ethyl ester, 8,8-dioxide: White solid (0.086 g, 22%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.45 (2H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.38-7.33 (3H, m), 5.47-5.42 (1H, m), 5.34 (1H, d, J_(AB)=11.0 Hz), 5.25 (1H, d, J_(AB)=11.0 Hz), 4.36-4.31 (3H, m), 4.12-4.05 (1H, m), 3.65 (1H, dt, J=14.0, 3.7 Hz), 3.39-3.33 (1H, m), 1.81 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₉H₂₃N₂O₆S: 407.1277. found: 407.1277.

Example 3

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide: A solution of intermediate 13 (0.042 g, 0.107 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and then concentrated. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOH:DMF (1:1, 3 mL). To this solution was added 4-fluorobenzyl amine (0.125 g, 1 mmol) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol) and stirred at 90° C. for 4 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and purified preparative HPLC using MeOH/H₂O as eluent to afford product as white solid (0.0375 g, 92%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.51 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, br s), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.06 (2H, t, J=8.6 Hz), 5.58-5.53 (1H, m), 4.60 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 4.33 (1H, q, J=6.7 Hz), 4.08-4.01 (1H, m), 3.67 (1H, dt, J=14.0, 3.2 Hz), 3.38-3.31 (1H, m), 1.75 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₆H₁₇FN₃O₅S: 382.0873. found: 382.0889. Anal calcd for C₁₆H₁₆FN₃O₅S.0.5H₂O: C, 49.23; H, 4.39; N, 10.76. found: C, 49.37; H, 4.11; N, 10.57.

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxylic acid, 4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, ethyl ester, 8,8-dioxide: A solution of intermediate 14 (0.2315 g, 0.5696 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was stirred for 1.5 h at room temperature and then concentrated to give white solid which was crystallized from Hex/CH₂Cl₂ to afford product as white needles (0.1676 g, 93%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 10.76 (1H, s), 4.64 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.47 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.55 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 1.82 (6H, s), 1.44 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₂H₁₇N₂O₆S: 317.0807. found: 317.0814.

Example 4

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide: A solution of intermediate 15, 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.125 g, 1 mmol) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 7 h. Then, reaction mixture was cooled and purified by preparative HPLC using MeOH/H₂O (containing 0.1% TFA) to afford product as white solid (0.035 g, 70%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.27 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, br t, J=6.1 Hz), 7.31 (2H, dd, J=8.6, 5.2 Hz), 7.06 (2H, t, J=8.6 Hz), 4.66 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.60 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 3.54 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 1.78 (6H, s). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₉FN₃O₅S: 396.1029. found: 396.1031. Anal calcd for C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₅S: C, 51.64; H, 4.59; N, 10.63. found: C, 51.91; H, 4.31; N, 10.53.

Example 5-7 were prepared according to the procedure for Example 4 using intermediate 15 and appropriate amine.

Example 5

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide: White solid (0.0422 g, 72%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.25 (1H, s), 8.89 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 5.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, td, J=8.2, 2.7 Hz), 7.13 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.6 Hz), 4.65 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.45 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 1.84 (6H, s). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₉H₂₀FN₆O₅S: 463.1200. found: 463.1195. Anal calcd for C₁₉H₁₉FN₆O₅S: C, 49.35; H, 4.14; N, 18.17. found: C, 49.55; H, 4.11; N, 17.92.

Example 6

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide: Pink solid (0.0563 g, 62%; purity: 98%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.20 (1H, br s), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, br s), 7.71 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 7.25-7.22 (1H, m), 7.13 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 4.64 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.49 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 3.54 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 2.57 (3H, s), 1.81 (6H, s). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₀H₂₂FN₆O₅S: 477.1356. found: 477.1374.

Example 7

Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-8,8-dioxide: White solid (0.0528 g, 88%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.21 (1H, s), 8.66 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 6.1 Hz), 7.26-7.23 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.6 Hz), 4.64 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.30 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.49 (3H, s), 1.85 (6H, s). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₀H₂₂FN₆O₅S: 477.1356. found: 477.1366. Anal calcd for C₂₀H₂₁FN₆O₅S: C, 50.41; H, 4.44; N, 17.63. found: C, 50.69; H, 4.19; N, 17.55.

Spiro[cyclopropane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxylic acid, 6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, ethyl ester, 8′,8′-dioxide: A mixture of intermediate 12 (0.379 g, 1 mmol), 1-chloro-2-iodoethane (0.19 g, 1 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.650 g, 2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with ether (50 mL), washed with water (3×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give white solid.

A solution of above white solid in TFA (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as off-white solid (0.184 g, 59%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 10.82 (1H, s), 4.75 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₂H₁₅N₂O₆S: 315.0651. found: 315.0652.

Example 8-11 were prepared according to the procedure for Example 1 using the intermediate 16 and the appropriate amine.

Example 8

Spiro[cyclopropane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid. Yield: 0.034 g, 86%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.40 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, br s), 7.31-7.28 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.78 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 4.57 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 3.59 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 1.90 (2H, dd, J=7.9, 4.9 Hz), 1.70 (2H, dd, J=7.9, 4.9 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₇FN₃O₅S: 394.0873. found: 394.0876. Anal calcd for C₁₇H₁₆FN₃O₅S.0.5H₂O.0.2 CH₃OH: C, 50.53; H, 4.39; N, 10.28. found: C, 50.42; H, 4.11; N, 10.26.

Example 9

Spiro[cyclopropane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: Brown powder. Yield: 0.0255 g, 55%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.31 (1H, s), 9.29 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 9.03 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, s), 7.55-7.51 (2H, m), 7.42 (1H, td, J=8.5, 2.1 Hz), 4.56 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 4.42 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 3.85 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 1.97 (2H, dd, J=7.8, 5.0 Hz), 1.66 (2H, dd, J=7.8, 5.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₉H₁₈FN₆O₅S: 461.1043. found: 461.1041. Anal calcd for C₁₉H₁₇FN₆O₅S.0.5H₂O.0.3 CH₃OH: C, 48.39; H, 4.04; N, 17.54. found: C, 48.44; H, 3.30; N, 17.26.

Example 10

Spiro[cyclopropane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: Off-white solid. Yield: 0.027 g, 57%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.44 (1H, s), 8.75 (1H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 8.31 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 6.1 Hz), 7.18 (1H, td, J=8.2, 2.8 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 2.8 Hz), 4.76 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 4.45 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 3.58 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 2.57 (3H, s), 1.92-1.90 (2H, m), 1.84-1.82 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₀H₂₀FN₆O₅S: 475.1200. found: 475.1204. Anal calcd for C₂₀H₁₉FN₆O₅S: C, 50.62; H, 4.03; N, 17.71. found: C, 50.87; H, 3.98; N, 17.86.

Example 11

Spiro[cyclopropane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: Light brown powder. Yield: 0.0285 g, 60%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.24 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 8.03 (1H, s), 7.65 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 6.1 Hz), 7.26-7.21 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.6 Hz), 4.75 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 4.28 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 3.57 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 2.48 (3H, s), 1.95-1.93 (2H, m), 1.90-1.88 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₀H₂₀FN₆O₅S: 475.1200. found: 475.1216. Anal calcd for C₂₀H₁₉FN₆O₅S.0.25H₂O: C, 50.15; H, 4.10; N, 17.55. found: C, 50.19; H, 3.76; N, 17.25.

Spiro[cyclopentane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxylic acid, 6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, ethyl ester, 8′,8′-dioxide: A mixture of intermediate 12 (0.379 g, 1 mmol), 1,4-diiodobutane (0.310 g, 1 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.650 g, 2 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with ether (100 mL), washed with water (3×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give viscous brown oil.

A solution of above brown oil in TFA (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as off-white solid (0.2437 g, 71%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 10.82 (1H, s), 4.71 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.45 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.62-2.48 (4H, m), 1.96-1.90 (4H, m), 1.42 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₄H₁₉N₂O₆S: 343.0964. found: 343.0958.

Example 12-15 were prepared according to the procedure for Example 1 using the intermediate 17 and the appropriate amine.

Example 12

Spiro[cyclopentane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid. Yield: 0.0355 g, 84%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.33 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, br t), 7.31-7.29 (2H, m), 7.06 (2H, t, J=8.5 Hz), 4.74 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.59 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.63-2.58 (2H, m), 2.42-2.36 (2H, m), 1.98-1.90 (2H, m), 1.84-1.77 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₉H₂₁FN₃O₅S: 422.1186. found: 422.1194. Anal calcd for C₁₉H₂₀FN₃O₅S: C, 54.14; H, 4.78; N, 9.97. found: C, 53.94; H, 4.46; N, 9.65.

Example 13

Spiro[cyclopentane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: Off-white solid. Yield: 0.043 g, 89%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.41 (1H, s), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, s), 7.71 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 5.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, td, J=8.2, 2.4 Hz), 7.13 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz), 4.73 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 3.52 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.65-2.60 (2H, m), 2.54-2.48 (2H, m), 1.98-1.89 (4H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₁H₂₂FN₆O₅S: 489.1356. found: 489.1362. Anal calcd for C₂₁H₂₁FN₆O₅S: C, 51.63; H, 4.33; N, 17.20. found: C, 51.64; H, 4.13; N, 16.92.

Example 14

Spiro[cyclopentane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid. Yield: 0.0408 g, 81%. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.60 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 8.30 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 6.1 Hz), 7.17 (1H, td, J=8.2, 2.4 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz), 4.74 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.49 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 3.52 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.66-2.60 (2H, m), 2.53 (3H, s), 2.52-2.47 (2H, m), 1.96-1.79 (4H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄FN₆O₅S: 503.1513. found: 503.1529. Anal calcd for C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O₅S: C, 52.58; H, 4.61; N, 16.72. found: C, 52.31; H, 4.43; N, 16.44.

Example 15

Spiro[cyclopentane-1,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-6′,7′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid. Yield: 0.0458 g, 91%: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.38 (1H, s), 8.69 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 7.98 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 6.1 Hz), 7.24 (1H, td, J=8.1, 2.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz), 4.72 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.28 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 3.52 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.66-2.60 (2H, m), 2.55-2.50 (2H, m), 2.50 (3H, s), 1.99-1.89 (4H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄FN₆O₅S: 503.1513. found: 503.1531. Anal calcd for C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O₅S: C, 52.58; H, 4.61; N, 16.72. found: C, 52.28; H, 4.36; N, 16.38.

2-Iodoethyl ether: To a stirred solution of 2-chloroethyl ether (14.3 g, 100 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (200 mL) was added powder NaI (65 g, 433.6 mmol). The resulting clear yellow solution was heated at reflux for five days. Then, cooled, filtered through a plug of celite and concentrated to give yellow liquid. This was taken up in ether (200 mL) washed with water (50 mL) and 10% aq. NaHSO3 (2×10 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to afford product (32.45 g, 100%) as colorless liquid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.77 (4H, t, J=6.9 Hz), 3.26 (4H, t, J=6.9 Hz).

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxylic acid, 2,3,5,6,6′,7′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, ethyl ester, 8′,8′-dioxide: To a stirred yellow mixture of intermediate 12 (0.189 g, 0.50 mmol) intermediate 18 (0.208 g, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wad added Cs₂CO₃ (0.332 g, 1.02 mmol) at once at room temperature. After 24 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O (50 mL), washed with water (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give colorless paste which was used in the subsequent step without purification.

A solution of above paste in trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and concentrated to afford an yellow residue which was triturated with ether to give product as off-white solid (0.0909 g, 51%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 10.79 (1H, s), 4.67 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 4.46 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.03-3.99 (4H, m), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.52-2.46 (2H, m), 2.22-2.17 (2H, m), 1.43 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₄H₁₉N₂O₇S: 359.0913. found: 359.0915.

Example 16-18 were prepared according to the procedure for Example 4 using the intermediate 19 and the appropriate amine.

Example 16

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,6′,7′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid (0.0314 g, 86%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.42 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.33-7.30 (2H, m), 7.07 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.74 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.60 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.06-4.02 (2H, m), 3.80-3.75 (2H, m), 3.54 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.52-2.46 (2H, m), 2.33-2.28 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₉H₂₁FN₃O₆S: 438.1135. found: 438.1153. Anal calcd for C₁₉H₂₀FN₃O₆S: C, 52.16; H, 4.60; N, 9.60. found: C, 51.91; H, 4.52; N, 9.36.

Example 17

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-2,3,5,6,6′,7′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid (0.0335 g, 79%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.54 (1H, s), 8.78 (1H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.23 (1H, s), 7.73 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 5.8 Hz), 7.23 (1H, td, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz), 4.73 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.46 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 4.07-4.03 (2H, m), 3.91-3.86 (2H, m), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.54-2.48 (2H, m), 2.44-2.39 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₁H₂₂FN₆O₆S: 505.1306. found: 505.1320. Anal calcd for C₂₁H₂₁FN₆O₆S: C, 49.99; H, 4.19; N, 16.65. found: C, 49.76; H, 3.96; N, 16.36.

Example 18

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,9′(4′H)-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-2,3,5,6,6′,7′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 8′,8′-dioxide: White solid (0.0349 g, 80%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.51 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 8.04 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 5.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, td, J=8.6, 2.4 Hz), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.4 Hz), 4.73 (2H, 6.4 Hz), 4.30 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 4.08-4.04 (2H, m), 3.90-3.85 (2H, m), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 2.54-2.48 (2H, m), 2.50 (3H, s), 2.45-2.41 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄FN₆O₆S: 519.1462. found: 519.1443. Anal calcd for C₂₂H₂₃FN₆O₆S: C, 50.96; H, 4.47; N, 16.20. found: C, 50.97; H, 4.19; N, 15.91.

2-(3-chloropropylthio)acetonitrile: To a stirred solution of 3-chloro-1-propanethiol (20 g, 180.8 mmol) and chloroacetonitrile (12.6 mL, 200 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added K₃CO₃ (27.6 g, 200 mmol). After 24 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug and the plug was washed with ether (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to give colorless liquid (9.905 g, 37%) which was used in the next step without purification. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.67 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 3.31 (2H, s), 2.92 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 2.15-2.10 (2H, m).

Ethyl 2-((3-chloropropylthio)methyl)-5-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate: To a stirred solution of intermediate 20 (9.9 g, 66.15 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) was added 50% aq. hydroxylamine (4.3 mL, 70 mmol). After 15 h, the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice-water bath and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was slowly added via syringe. The cold bath was removed and stirred for 1 h at room temperature and concentrated to give yellow residue. This was taken up in ether (200 mL), washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give yellow oil (25.9 g).

A xylenes (300 mL) solution of above yellow oil was heated at reflux for 15 and then, cooled and extracted with 0.5 M aq. Na₂CO₃ (4×50 mL). The combine aq. layers were extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL) and organic layers discarded. The aq. layer was acidified with conc. HCl and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×50 mL). The combined CH₂Cl₂ extracts dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to afford brown powder (5.0 g, 25%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 11.40 (1H, br s), 10.94 (1H, s), 4.51 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.70 (2H, s), 3.61 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 2.70 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz) 2.07-2.02 (2H, m), 1.44 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₁H₁₆ClN₂O₄S: 307.05. found: 307.09.

Example 19

N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-4H-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxamide: A mixture of intermediate 21 (0.202 g, 0.6563 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.28 g, 2 mmol) in DMF was heated at 90° C. for 1 h and cooled to room temperature. 4-Fluorobenzylamine (1.25 g, 10 mmol) was added and heated at 110° C. for 18 h. After this, cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as a white solid (0.0919 g, 40%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.06 (1H, s), 7.83 (1H, br t), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.04 (2H, t, J=8.5 Hz), 4.56 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.36-4.33 (2H, m), 3.77 (2H, s), 2.90 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 2.15-2.11 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₆H₁₇FN₃O₃S: 350.0975. found: 350.0959. Anal calcd for C₁₆H₁₆FN₃O₃S.0.5C₁₆H₁₅FN₃O₃S: C, 56.39; H, 4.73; N, 11.51. found: 56.42; H, 4.27; N, 11.23.

Ethyl 3-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-4H-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxylate: A mixture of intermediate 21 (5 g, 16.2446 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (4.5 g, 32.5 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) was placed in a preheated oil bath and stirred for 1.5 h. After this, benzyl bromide (2.4 mL, 20 mmol) was added and continued stirring for additional 3 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ether (250 mL), washed with water (3×50 mL). The combine aq. layers extracted with ether (4×100 mL) and combined with previous organic phase, and washed with brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄/activated carbon), filtered and concentrated to give viscous paste. Crystallization of this paste from CH₂Cl₂/hexanes provided product as white solid (4.3827 g, 75%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.48-7.46 (2H, m), 7.37-7.30 (3H, m), 5.25 (2H, s), 4.36-4.31 (4H, m), 3.89 (2H, s), 2.94 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 2.16-2.12 (2H, m), 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₈H₂₁N₂O₄S: 361.1222. found: 361.1221.

Ethyl 3-(benzyloxy)-10-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-4H-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxylate: To a stirred solution of intermediate 22 (0.180 g, 0.5 mmol) and iodomethane (0.62 mL, 10 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at −78 C was added 1M solution of LiHMDS (1 mL, 1 mmol) over 2 minutes. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aq. NH₄Cl (three drops), diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered, concentrated and the residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to afford desired product as orange solid (0.021 g, 11%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.48-7.46 (2H, m), 7.37-7.29 (3H, m), 5.24 (2H, s), 5.15 (1H, dd, J=13.9, 4.4 Hz), 4.33 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.18 (1H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.62 (1H, dd, J=13.6, 12.1 Hz), 3.14-3.09 (1H, m), 2.77 (1H, dt, J=14.4, 4.2 Hz), 2.34-2.27 (1H, m), 1.91-1.82 (1H, m), 1.62 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₉H₂₃N₂O₄S: 375.1379. found: 375.1375.

Example 20

N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-10-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-4H-pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxamide: A solution of intermediate 23 (0.021 g, 0.056 mmol) in TFA (2 mL) was stirred for 18 h at room temperature and then concentrated to give yellow residue. This was dissolved in DMF/EtOH (1:1, 2 mL) and heated with 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.125 g, 1 mmol) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol) in a sealed vial at 100° C. for 6 h. Then, cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as off-white powder (0.0146 g, 72%) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.00 (1H, br s), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, t, J=8.5 Hz), 5.22-5.18 (1H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.15 (1H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.58 (1H, dd, J=13.7, 11.9 Hz), 3.12-3.06 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, dt, J=14.7, 4.3 Hz), 2.35-2.29 (1H, m), 1.91-1.83 (1H, m), 1.57 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₉FN₃O₃S: 364.1131. found: 364.1133.

6H-Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxylic acid, 4,7,8,10-tetrahydro-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)-, ethyl ester, 9,9-dioxide: To a stirred solution of intermediate 22 (1.894 g, 5.255 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added mCPBA (57-86%, 3.70 g, 15 mmol) at once. After 1.5 h, saturated NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and 10% Na₂S₂O₃ (10 mL) were added and stirred for additional 20 minutes. Then, the organic layer separated, washed successively with saturated aq. NaHCO₃ (20 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give paste which was crystallized from CH₂Cl₂/hexanes to afford product as white solid (2.0501 g, 99%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.46-7.45 (2H, m), 7.37-7.31 (3H, m), 5.25 (2H, s), 4.60 (2H, s), 4.47-4.41 (2H, m), 4.34 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.39 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 2.38-2.33 (2H, m), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₈H₂₁N₂O₆S: 393.1120. found: 393.1136.

Example 21

6H-Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,8,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-, 9,9-dioxide: A solution of intermediate 24 (0.363 g, 0.925 mmol) in TFA (10 mL) was stirred at for 3 h at 25-35° C. and then concentrated to give yellow residue which provided product as white powder (71.4 mg, 24%) upon trituration with EtOAc.

A suspension of above white powder and 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.38 mmol) in EtOH/DMF (1:1, 10 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 4 h. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as white powder (0.035 g, 39%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.46 (1H, s), 9.64 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 7.38-7.36 (2H, m), 4.92-4.75 (2H, br s), 4.46 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 3.60 (2H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 3.31 (2H, s), 2.14-2.07 (2H, br s) HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₆H₁₇FN₃O₅S: 382.0873. found: 382.0886. Anal calcd for C₁₆H₁₆FN₃O₅S.0.13 TFA: C, 49.29; H, 4.10; N, 10.61. found: C, 49.67; H, 3.70; N, 10.67.

Example 22

6H-Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,8,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-10-methyl-4-oxo-, 9,9-dioxide: To a stirred solution of intermediate 24 (0.196 g, 0.50 mmol) and iodomethane (0.42 mL, 6.7 mmol) in THF at −78° C. was added 1M LiHMDS/THF (1.1 mL, 1.1 mmol) over 5 minutes. The resulting orange reaction mixture was stirred overnight (16 h) while slowing allowing to warm to ambient temperature. Then, quenched with sat. NH₄Cl (3 drops), diluted with ether (50 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the product as yellow paste.

The above yellow paste was stirred in TFA (10 mL) for 3 h at room temperature and concentrated to afford crude debenzylated product. This was dissolved in EtOH/DMF (1:1, 6 mL) and heated with 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.50 g, 4 mmoL) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol) at 110 C in sealed vial for 4 h. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to provide product as white powder (0.0803 g, 41%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.52 (1H, s), 9.27 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 7.39-7.36 (2H, m), 7.17 (2H, t, J=8.9 Hz), 5.33 (1H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.95 (1H, dd, J=14.7, 6.1 Hz), 4.54-4.46 (2H, m), 4.02 (1H, dd, J=14.6, 11.0 Hz), 3.77-3.71 (1H, m), 3.45 (1H, dt, J=14.3, 3.7 Hz), 2.41-2.35 (1H, m), 1.83-1.74 (1H, m), 1.67 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₉FN₃O₅S: 396.1029. found: 396.1016. Anal calcd for C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₅S.0.33H₂O: C, 50.87; H, 4.69; N, 10.47. found: C, 51.18; H, 4.80; N, 10.40.

Example 23

6H-Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,8,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-10,10-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 9,9-dioxide: A mixture of intermediate 24 (0.098 g, 0.25 mmol), iodomethane (0.12 mL, 2 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.325 g, 1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with water (3×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give orange solid.

The above orange solid was stirred with TFA (8 mL) for 3 h at room temperature and concentrated to give yellow solid. This yellow solid was dissolved in EtOH/DMF (1:1, 3 mL) and heated with 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.25 g, 2 mmol) and Et₃N (0.07 mL, 0.5 mmol) at 110° C. for 6 h in a sealed vial. Then, cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as brown solid (0.0492 g, 48%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.20 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, br s), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, t, J=8.5 Hz), 4.73-4.65 (2H, br s), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.46 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 2.33-2.28 (2H, m), 1.90 (6H, s). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₈H₂₁FN₃O₅S: 410.1186. found: 410.1203. Anal calcd for C₁₈H₂₀FN₃O₅S.1.0H₂O: C, 50.58; H, 5.19; N, 9.83. found: C, 50.45; H, 4.98; N, 9.83.

Example 24

Spiro[cyclopropane-1,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-7′,8′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 9′,9′-dioxide: A mixture of intermediate 24 (0.098 g, 0.25 mmol), 1-chloro-1iodoethane (0.190 g, 1 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.325 g, 1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with water (3×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give yellow solid.

The above orange solid was stirred with TFA (5 mL) for 1 h at room temperature and concentrated to give yellow solid. This yellow solid was dissolved in EtOH/DMF (1:1, 3 mL) and heated with 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.125 g, 1 mmol) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol) at 110° C. for 4 h in a sealed vial. Then, cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as brown solid (0.0418 g, 41%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.41 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H, br s), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, t, J=8.5 Hz), 4.62-4.47 (2H, m), 4.57 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 3.32 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 2.40-2.36 (2H, m), 1.96-1.93 (2H, br s), 1.72-1.68 (2H, br s) HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₈H₁₉FN₃O₅S: 408.1029. found: 408.1037. Anal calcd for C₁₈H₁₈FN₃O₅S: C, 53.06; H, 4.45; N, 10.31. found: C, 53.07; H, 4.30; N, 10.24.

Example 25

Spiro[cyclopentane-1,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-7′,8′-dihydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 9′,9′-dioxide: A mixture of intermediate 24 (0.098 g, 0.25 mmol), 1,4-diiodobutane (0.04 mL, 0.3 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.325 g, 1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 8 h, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with water (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give yellow solid.

The above orange solid was stirred with TFA (5 mL) for 3 h at room temperature and concentrated to give yellow solid. This yellow solid was dissolved in EtOH/DMF (2:1, 3 mL) and heated with 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.16 g, 1.28 mmol) and Et₃N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol) at 110° C. for 4 h in a sealed vial. Then, cooled and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford product as brown solid (0.0754 g, 69%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.25 (1H, s), 7.64 (1H, br s), 7.32-7.29 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, t, J=8.5 Hz), 4.65-4.59 (2H, m), 4.59 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 3.43 (2H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 2.74-2.62 (4H, m), 2.28-2.24 (2H, m), 2.00-1.92 (2H, m), 1.79-1.71 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₀H₂₃FN₃O₅S: 436.1342. found: 436.1350. Anal calcd for C₂₀H₂₂FN₃O₅S: C, 55.16; H, 5.09; N, 9.65. found: C, 55.93; H, 5.18; N, 9.59.

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxylic acid, 2,3,5,6,7′,8′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, ethyl ester, 9′,9′-dioxide: To a stirred yellow mixture of intermediate 19/24 (0.1942 g, 0.50 mmol) intermediate 18 (0.208 g, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wad added Cs₂CO₃ (0.332 g, 1.02 mmol) at once at room temperature. After 24 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O (50 mL), washed with water (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated to give colorless paste which was used in the subsequent step without purification.

A solution of above paste in trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and concentrated to afford an yellow residue which was triturated with CH₂Cl₂/hexanes to give product as white solid (0.1113 g, 60%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 10.71 (1H, s), 4.74-4.58 (2H, br s), 4.43 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 4.07-4.01 (2H, m), 3.82-3.72 (2H, m), 3.42-3.36 (2H, m), 2.63-2.52 (4H, m), 2.33-2.26 (2H, m), 1.41 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₅H₂₁N₂O₇S: 373.1069. found: 373.1058.

Example 26-29 were prepared according to the procedure for Example 4 using the intermediate 25 and the appropriate amine.

Example 26

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7′,8′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 9′,9′-dioxide: Off-white solid (0.020 g, 83%; purity: 93%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.28 (1H, s), 7.38 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 7.30 (2H, dd, J=8.6, 5.2 Hz), 7.07 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.83-4.61 (2H, brs), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.02 (2H, dt, J=11.6, 3.7 Hz), 3.67-3.58 (2H, m), 3.39-3.35 (2H, m), 2.61-2.52 (4H, m), 2.31-2.25 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₀H₂₃FN₃O₆S: 452.1292. found: 452.1276.

Example 27

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7′,8′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 9′,9′-dioxide: Light purple solid (0.0229 g, 92%; purity: 95%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.30 (1H, s), 7.36 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 7.15-7.07 (2H, m), 7.00 (1H, t, J=8.9 Hz), 4.90-4.56 (2H, br), 4.53 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.02 (2H, dt, J=11.6, 3.7 Hz), 3.67-3.58 (2H, m), 3.39-3.35 (2H, m), 2.61-2.52 (4H, m), 2.30-2.25 (5H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₁H₂₅FN₃O₆S: 466.1448. found: 466.1469.

Example 28

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-2,3,5,6,7′,8′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 9′,9′-dioxide: White solid (0.0175 g, 63%; purity: 97%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.49 (1H, s), 8.64 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 8.45 (1H, s), 8.16 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 5.8 Hz), 7.23 (1H, td, J=8.2, 2.4 Hz), 7.13 (1H, dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz), 4.92-4.52 (2H, br), 4.44 (2H, d, J=6.7 Hz), 4.02 (H, dt, J=11.6, 3.7 Hz), 3.70-3.60 (2H, m), 3.40-3.34 (2H, m), 2.72-2.57 (4H, m), 2.30-2.24 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄FN₆O₆S: 519.1462. found: 519.1480.

Example 29

Spiro[4H-pyran-4,10′(4′H)-[6H]pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazepine]-2′-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-2,3,5,6,7′,8′-hexahydro-3′-hydroxy-4′-oxo-, 9′,9′-dioxide: Purple solid (0.0264 g, 92%; purity: 97%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 12.50-11.02 (1H, br s), 8.23 (1H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 7.71 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 5.8 Hz), 7.80 (1H, td, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.4 Hz), 4.48-4.47 (2H, br), 4.30 (2H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.08-4.01 (2H, m), 3.71-3.57 (2H, m), 3.42-3.33 (2H, m), 2.70-2.59 (4H, m), 2.57 (3H, s), 2.31-2.24 (2H, m). HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₃H₂₆FN₆O₆S: 533.1619. found: 533.1622. 

1. A compound of Formula I

where: R¹ is (Ar¹)alkyl, (Ar¹)(CON(R⁸)(R⁹))alkyl, (Ar¹)(CO₂R¹⁴)alkyl, (Ar¹)hydroxyalkyl, or (Ar¹)oxyalkyl; R² is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy; R³ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, cycloalkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), NHAr², N(R⁶)SO₂R⁷, N(R⁶)COR⁷, N(R⁶)CO₂R⁷, OCOR⁷, OCO₂R⁷, OCON(R⁸)(R⁹), OCH₂CO₂R⁷, OCH₂CON(R⁸)(R⁹), COR⁶, CO₂R⁶, CON(R⁸)(R⁹), SOR⁷, S(═NR⁷), SO₂R⁷, SO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), PO(OR⁶)₂, C₂₋₄(R¹²)alkynyl, R¹³, Ar², or Ar³; R⁴ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); R⁵ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); R⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; R⁷ is alkyl or cycloalkyl; R⁸ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl; R⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl; or N(R⁸)(R⁹) taken together is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, (R¹⁰)-piperidinyl, N—(R¹¹)-piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, or dioxothiazinyl; R¹⁰ is hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl; R¹¹ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, COR⁶, or CO₂R⁶; R¹² is hydrogen, hydroxy, N(R⁶)(R⁶), SO₂R⁷, OSO₂R⁷, or dioxothiazinyl; R¹³ is azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, valerolactamyl, caprolactamyl, maleimido, oxazolidonyl, or dioxothiazinyl, and is substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acetoxyalkyl, and aminoalkyl; R¹⁴ is hydrogen or alkyl;

Ar² is tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, hydroxypyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, or indolyl, and is substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, benzyl, alkyl, alkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁸)(R⁹), CO₂R⁶, CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(phenyl), and CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(halophenyl); Ar³ is phenyl substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁶)(R⁶), and CH₂N(R⁸)(R⁹), or is dioxolanylphenyl; and X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, or C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A compound of claim 1 where R¹ is (Ar¹)alkyl, (Ar¹)(CON(R⁸)(R⁹))alkyl, (Ar¹)(CO₂R¹⁴)alkyl, (Ar¹)hydroxyalkyl, or (Ar¹)oxyalkyl; R² is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy; R³ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, cycloalkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), NHAr², N(R⁶)SO₂R⁷, N(R⁶)COR⁷, N(R⁶)CO₂R⁷, OCOR⁷, OCO₂R⁷, OCON(R⁸)(R⁹), OCH₂CO₂R⁷, OCH₂CON(R⁸)(R⁹), COR⁶, CO₂R⁶, CON(R⁸)(R⁹), SOR⁷, S(═NR⁷), SO₂R⁷, SO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), PO(OR⁶)₂, C₂₋₄(R¹²)alkynyl, R¹³, Ar², or Ar³; R⁴ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); R⁵ is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or N(R⁶)(R⁶); R⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; R⁷ is alkyl or cycloalkyl; R⁸ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl; R⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl; or N(R⁸)(R⁹) taken together is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,)(R¹⁰)-piperidinyl, N—(R¹¹)-piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, or dioxothiazinyl; R¹⁰ is hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl; R¹¹ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, COR⁶, or CO₂R⁶; R¹² is hydrogen, hydroxy, N(R⁶)(R⁶), SO₂R⁷, OSO₂R⁷, or dioxothiazinyl; R¹³ is azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, valerolactamyl, caprolactamyl, maleimido, oxazolidonyl, or dioxothiazinyl, and is substituted with 0-1 substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, and aminomethyl; R¹⁴ is independently hydrogen or alkyl;

Ar² is tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, hydroxypyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, or indolyl, and is substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, benzyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁸)(R⁹), CO₂R⁶, CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(phenyl), and CONHSO₂N(R⁶)(halophenyl); Ar³ is phenyl substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, N(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁶)(R⁶), and CH₂N(R⁸)(R⁹), or is dioxolanylphenyl; and X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, C(R¹⁴)₂SOC(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂, or C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂C(R¹⁴)₂C(R¹⁴)₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 3. A compound of claim 1 where R¹ is (Ar¹)alkyl.
 4. A compound of claim 1 where R¹ is


5. A compound of claim 1 where R¹ is

and R³ is other than hydrogen or halo.
 6. A compound of claim 1 where R² is hydrogen.
 7. A compound of claim 1 where R³ is N(R⁸)(R⁹), N(R⁶)COR⁷, OCON(R⁸)(R⁹), CON(R⁸)(R⁹), SOR⁷, SO₂R⁷, SO₂N(R⁶)(R⁶), PO(OR⁶)₂, R¹³, or Ar².
 8. A compound of claim 1 where R³ is R¹³ or Ar².
 9. A compound of claim 8 where Ar² is tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl, and is substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkyl.
 10. A compound of claim 1 where X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂CH₂, or C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂CH₂.
 11. A compound of claim 1 where X-Y-Z is C(R¹⁴)₂SCH₂CH₂, or C(R¹⁴)₂SO₂CH₂CH₂, and R¹⁴ is other than hydrogen.
 12. A compound of claim 1 according to one of the following structures


13. A compound of claim 12 where R¹⁴ is other than hydrogen.
 14. A compound of claim 12 where R¹⁴ is methyl.
 15. A compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,6,7,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide; Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide; Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide; Pyrimido[2,1-e][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide; Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide; Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-, 8,8-dioxide; Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide, N-[[4-fluoro-2-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-thiazol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4,6,7,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-4-oxo-8,8-dioxide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 16. A composition comprising a therapeutic amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 17. A method for treating HIV infection comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient. 